How to understand pencil grades

If you’re new to picking up a pencil, the first thing you will notice is that there are several numbered and lettered grades. These work as a guide to help you select the right pencil to fit your needs.

Scale for graphite pencils:

8B 6B 5B 4B 3B 2B B HB F H 2H 3H 4H

B = Blackness
F = Fine
HB = A combination of H and B
H = Hard

Interpreting pencil grades:

• A ‘B’ range pencil indicates it has soft lead – the higher the number, the softer and darker the lead. The higher numbers in this range have a greater concentration of graphite. Generally, ‘B’ grades are best for shading and smooth coverage of large areas.
• The ‘H’ range makes a more subtle grey mark, the higher the number, the less graphite is included, these are best used for delicate, intricate drawings.
• The ‘F’ grade is used to indicate that the pencil lead is a special formulation that will maintain a fine point.

Choosing the right pencil

The most popular pencil, HB, combines qualities of hard and soft leads, making it a great all-rounder. Whether you're a beginner or a professional, having an array of pencil grades is essential for achieving a tonal range in your work.

Using pencil grades to achieve tonal depth and precision

Whether a beginner or a professional, having an array of pencil grades is essential to achieve a tonal range in your work. Generally, the best way to start drawing is with a hard pencil which will make a light mark that erases easily, allowing you to adjust your drawing frequently at the beginning. Then, as the drawing develops and requires a darker mark for shading or bold details, move on to a softer pencil. Multiple layers of a hard lead will never produce black; therefore, you need a softer pencil to be able to achieve a truly dark mark.

Maintaining your pencil

Your sharpener is your best friend. Use a quality pencil and keep it sharp so you have fine point that will not break with pressure. You can refine the point of your pencil with the artists’ old trick of placing a piece of fine-grade sandpaper on a table and gently running the side of the lead across it.